I. Four-Channel Burner Structure

The four-channel burner is a highly efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly combustion device. Its core design concept involves dividing the fuel and combustion-supporting air into four independent airflow streams via multiple concentric sleeves. By precisely controlling the parameters of each airflow—such as velocity, flow rate, and pressure—an ideal flame shape and combustion state are achieved.

From the inside out, the four channels are typically:

1.  Central Channel: Ignition Oil Gun /  Center wind, wind speed >70 m/s

2.  Second channel: Coal powder (or other fuel) mixed with conveying air >25 m/s

3.  Third Channel: Swirling Airflow >220 m/s

4.  Outermost channel: Axial flow fan /  Direct Current Wind >340 m/s

Some designs place the fuel channel at the very center, but the "central air…" + Coal Wind + Swirling Wind + "The axial-flow fan" is the most classic and common structure.

II. The Functions of Each Air Duct

Each channel has its unique and irreplaceable function—they work together synergistically to shape the flame.

         1.  The central air serves to stabilize the flame, preventing high-temperature flue gases from flowing back into the burner nozzle and damaging the nozzle head. It also protects the nozzle by creating a tiny cooling air curtain, shielding the central oil gun and the burner head from intense thermal radiation. Additionally, it supplies a small amount of oxygen to promote complete combustion, thereby reducing unwanted emissions. CO Generate. Feature: Very low airflow, yet essential.

         2.  Coal Wind (Second Channel):

Function:

1. Deliver fuel—stably and continuously transfer pulverized coal from the coal bunker directly into the kiln. The conveying air typically forms part of the primary air supply.
2. Disperse the coal powder, allowing it to achieve an initial spread within the kiln.

Features: Wind speed and air volume require precise control—excessive levels can increase unnecessary primary air, reducing system thermal efficiency, while insufficient levels may lead to coal powder blockages or unstable conveying.

        3.  Swirling Airflow (Third Channel):

Function: ( 1 ) Shaping the Flame's Form: This is crucial for establishing the flame's core and structural integrity. Through intense rotation, a negative-pressure recirculation zone forms at the flame's center. (2) Drawing in high-temperature flue gases: The resulting recirculation zone draws the hot flue gases from downstream of the kiln into the flame base, significantly enhancing the ignition speed of the coal powder and ensuring stable combustion. (3) Enhanced Mixing: Intense turbulence ensures thorough and rapid mixing of pulverized coal with air, boosting combustion efficiency.

Features: High wind speed, high pressure, typically generating rotation through blades.

4.  Axial-flow fan / DC Wind (Outermost Channel):

Function:

1. Constraining the flame shape: Enveloping the swirling airflow like a "sleeve," thereby controlling the flame's diffusion angle and length.
2. Provides primary oxygen: Serving as a key component of the primary air, it supplies the oxygen necessary for pulverized coal combustion.
3. Adjusting the flame length: This is the primary method for controlling how long or short the flame becomes. Increasing the axial airflow volume and pressure will make the flame longer and more concentrated, while decreasing them will result in a shorter, broader, and more diffuse flame.
4. Maintain flame rigidity: The high-speed DC airflow provides the flame with sufficient kinetic energy, preventing it from being disrupted by the kiln's internal air currents and ensuring it remains "rigid."

Feature: Maximum airflow, high wind speed, and DC-powered.

Summary of the coordination among air ducts: Swirl airflow is responsible for "ignition" and "stirring," creating a short, thick flame core; while axial airflow handles "elongation" and "shaping," forming a long flame that meets process requirements. The ratio and absolute quantities of these two types of airflow are central to flame regulation.

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